Category: Blog

“There’s a growing impression among the taxpayers of this province that they are being drained of their money to provide a living for idlers… We will pay the municipalities a lump sum each month… In other words, we will say to them: 'Here’s the alimony, you raise the children.'” – Mitch Hepburn, Premier of Ontario, 1935 “There was rampant fraud and welfare abuse… it was inconvenient for people to have to go down to offices to pick up cheques so we mailed them out and we found out that mail was being re-directed to other provinces and even other countries…We had to re-adjust rates and give incentives for those who were able-bodied to go out and get into what we called ‘workfare’ or ‘education fare’ or ‘get-off-your-duff-and do-something fare.’ So,…

Few ideas have gained more traction in Canadian public policy circles than intergenerational equity. The argument is familiar. Younger Canadians face soaring housing costs, delayed family formation, stagnant productivity growth, and declining economic security. Meanwhile, older Canadians are portrayed as a protected class receiving public pensions, benefiting from rising home values, and consuming an increasing share of public resources. There is truth in some of these observations. But there is a profound problem with the policy response that often follows. Wealth vs income Canada keeps debating seniors' income while largely ignoring wealth. As a result, much of the discussion about intergenerational fairness ends up missing the issue almost entirely. Consider a simple fact. Almost every major income security program in Canada reaches some wealthy recipients. Millionaires receive CPP. Millionaires receive…

Across Canada, first responders increasingly find themselves responding not to emergencies in the traditional sense, but to the predictable consequences of poverty. Police officers respond to mental-health crises rooted in housing instability and deprivation. Paramedics are called repeatedly to rooming houses, shelters, encampments, and apartments where chronic illness has been made worse by poverty. Emergency departments treat people whose conditions deteriorated because they could not afford food, transportation, medications, dental care, or stable housing. Firefighters are dispatched to overcrowded housing, unsafe heating arrangements, and buildings whose occupants have nowhere else to go. None of this reflects a failure of first responders. It reflects a failure of social architecture. The impact of the shift from income security Over the past three decades, Canada has gradually shifted away from stable income security…

Beginning in the early 1990s, something fundamental changed in Canada’s approach to poverty and income insecurity. For decades after the Second World War, Canada had gradually constructed a layered income security system. It was incomplete and often inadequate, but the underlying direction was broadly clear: governments were expected to provide stable social infrastructure capable of preventing severe economic insecurity before crisis emerged. Then the architecture began to shift. The erosion of income support One crucial turning point came in 1990 when the federal government capped cost-sharing under the Canada Assistance Plan (CAP) for Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta. CAP had been imperfect, but it established an important national principle: the federal government shared responsibility for social assistance and provinces were required to meet certain conditions in return for federal funding.…

For much of the postwar era, Canada’s social architecture rested on a relatively simple idea: governments should build systems sturdy enough to prevent widespread economic insecurity before crisis emerges. The tools varied. Family allowances, Unemployment insurance, Old Age Security, The Guaranteed Income Supplement, social assistance, public pensions, refundable tax credits, housing supports, and Medicare. Some programs worked better than others, and many left major gaps. But the underlying philosophy was broadly consistent. The state was expected to provide predictable, rules-based systems that reduced the likelihood of social and economic collapse in the first place. Over time, that philosophy changed. Canada did not entirely abandon income security. But it increasingly replaced long-term structural adequacy with episodic emergency management. The shift happened gradually enough that many Canadians barely noticed it. We still…

For most of human history, work was visible. A farmer plowed a field. A blacksmith shaped iron. A dockworker lifted cargo. A seamstress stitched fabric. Even early industrial labour, however brutal, retained a certain material clarity. Work involved observable physical effort transforming the physical world. Then something changed. Over the course of the twentieth century, advanced economies slowly detached the idea of work from visible material production. Increasingly, work became administrative, symbolic, managerial, communicative, and digital. Millions of people now spend their working lives moving information rather than objects. And now artificial intelligence may be destabilizing the very definition of work itself. What is work? Much of the current discussion around AI focuses on job loss. Will accountants disappear? Lawyers? Graphic designers? Coders? Teachers? Journalists? The anxiety is understandable, but…

I recently read In Search of a Kingdom by Laurence Bergreen and kept remarking to myself how recent altercations in the middle east seem to replicate the Elizabethan skirmishes with Spain in the late 1500’s. The following observations are based on the similarities I saw and a few curated AI questions and observations. History never repeats itself exactly. But it often repeats emotionally. That is why the growing confrontation between the United States and Iran evokes surprising echoes of the struggle between Elizabeth I’s England and Philip II’s Spain in the late 1500s. The parallels are not military in the literal sense. Sixteenth-century Europe and the modern Middle East are vastly different worlds. But the underlying political psychology — the way states imagine themselves, define enemies, and drift toward escalation…

Basic support is superior to welfare approaches to income security. Here's why..... The modern welfare debate is trapped inside a false binary. On one side are those who believe poverty and insecurity are largely if not wholly the result of structural barriers that prevent people from moving forward. On the other are those who argue that reducing hardship risks “coddling” people and weakening the incentives and resilience needed for growth. Both sides grasp part of the truth. Both also often miss something essential. Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s concept of “antifragility” helps explain why. Taleb argues that living systems do not merely survive stress and resistance — they often require them in order to grow stronger. Muscles strengthen under load. Children develop competence through trial and error. A flower exposed to sun…

Jeff Bezos just said on television that he funds charitable ventures that foster independence as opposed to encouraging dependence. He used as an example a program he funds to house homeless families with children. I took from that that he believes one needs a certain level of social and economic infrastructure and scaffolding in order to mount a personal mission of independence. In Canada, Doug Ford will not increase welfare (Ontario Works) as he likely believes that social assistance fosters dependence.  But his intuition is wrong where Bezos' is right. This is because the current rates and structure do not provide the minimum needed to successfully enable personal independence.   When is independence possible? Jeff Bezos has perhaps inadvertently put his finger on one of the central misunderstandings in modern…

Much of the discussion around artificial intelligence (AI) and writing has focused on fear of students cheating, machines replacing creativity, misinformation, hallucination, and the death of authentic thought. But there is another story emerging, especially among some older writers, researchers, policy analysts, and thinkers. For some of us, AI is not replacing thought. It is extending it; and the reason may have less to do with technology than with aging itself. Richness and retrieval As we age, many of us experience something difficult to describe publicly because it sits awkwardly between normal aging and actual impairment. We still think deeply. We still synthesize ideas. We still possess decades of accumulated knowledge and intuition. But retrieval changes. Names hover just beyond recall. Sentences arrive more slowly. Connections that once appeared instantly…